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On 7 October 1950, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) crossed into eastern Tibet, opening a military campaign that would reshape the political future of the Himalayan region. Within weeks, Tibetan forces had been defeated, Chamdo had fallen, and the government in Lhasa faced a stark choice: negotiate with Beijing or risk a further advance by a vastly superior military power. What China presented as the liberation of Tibet, many Tibetans experienced as the beginning of foreign domination. The battle for Chamdo was not merely a military defeat; it was the turning point that brought Tibet under the decisive control of the Chinese state.
A Vulnerable Tibet Meets a Rising China
When the Chinese...
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